A: Ann and I have seen / saw the new Spielberg movie yesterday.
B: Was it good?
A: Yes, but the book is better. I have read / read it on holiday.
B: You’ve been to the cinema a lot recently.
A: Yes, I was / have been there three times so far this month.
B: I know! You went with me last week.
Present Perfect
O present perfect indica que algo aconteceu em algum momento do passado.
I have been to the USA. (I went there in 1999.)
Tom says he has seen this film before. (He saw it on RTL a few months ago.)
Em perguntas, freqüentemente alguém quer saber se algo aconteceu no passado (em todo o passado até agora).
Have you ever been to Australia? – Yes, I have. (When did you go there?)
Has Tom phoned? – Yes, he has. (When did he ring?)
Simple Past
O simple past indica que algum estado ou ação estava concluído num momento específico do passado.
B: Was it good?
A: Yes, but the book is better. I have read / read it on holiday.
B: You’ve been to the cinema a lot recently.
A: Yes, I was / have been there three times so far this month.
B: I know! You went with me last week.
Present Perfect
O present perfect indica que algo aconteceu em algum momento do passado.
I have been to the USA. (I went there in 1999.)
Tom says he has seen this film before. (He saw it on RTL a few months ago.)
Em perguntas, freqüentemente alguém quer saber se algo aconteceu no passado (em todo o passado até agora).
Have you ever been to Australia? – Yes, I have. (When did you go there?)
Has Tom phoned? – Yes, he has. (When did he ring?)
Simple Past
O simple past indica que algum estado ou ação estava concluído num momento específico do passado.
(I have been to the USA.) I went there in 1999.
(Tom says he has seen this film before.) He saw it on RTL a few months ago.
(Tom says he has seen this film before.) He saw it on RTL a few months ago.
Em perguntas, freqüentemente alguém quer saber quando (isto é, em que momento do passado) algo aconteceu.
(Have you ever been to Australia? – Yes, I have.) When did you go there?
(Has Tom phoned? – Yes, he has.) When did he ring?
(Has Tom phoned? – Yes, he has.) When did he ring?
Em textos coerentes, relata-se freqüentemente no present perfect um fato sem a indicação de circunstâncias concretas (sobretudo sem indicar o momento exato).
etalhes adicionais sobre as razões e o desenrolar dos acontecimentos são depois apresentados no simple past.
I‘ve been to Chile > Really? Where did you go? What did you see?
John has broken his arm. > He fell off his bike yesterday.
I‘ve lost my watch. > It happened yesterday evening somewhere in town.
Present perfect e simple past com ou sem indicação de tempo
Ambas as formas são usadas com palavras sinalizadoras típicas. Em frases com o simple past, indica-se determinado momento.
I have visited Italy before. > We spent our holidays there again last year.
I have seen the film Casablanca 15 times so far. > I first saw it when I was a teenager 20 years ago.
Mesmo quando não se dá indicação temporal exata, o uso do simple past é obrigatório se o acontecimento só pode ter ocorrido em determinado momento do passado.
Workers have found a 2000-year-old building. > The Romans built it. This place was a Roman town.
Sheila has lived in lots of different countries. > She was born in New Zealand.
I have read Hamlet. > It’s one of the most famous plays Shakespeare wrote.
O present perfect e sua referência ao presente
O present perfect muitas vezes indica um acontecimento que, de alguma forma, tem efeito sobre o presente (por isso o nome present perfect).
O present perfect muitas vezes indica um acontecimento que, de alguma forma, tem efeito sobre o presente (por isso o nome present perfect).
I‘ve been to Scotland. [= Eu conheço a Escócia.]
They‘ve closed the road! [= Agora precisamos pegar um desvio.]
Cf. Present Perfect
RESUMO
O present perfect não pode ser usado quando se menciona ou se pressupõe determinado momento no passado.
Present perfect: algo que aconteceu em algum momento e tem efeitos que são importantes / relevantes agora.
Referência: “Grammar – No problem” – Christine House e John Stevens, Disal Editora, 2005. Leia a resenha.
Fonte: http://www.teclasap.com.br/
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